• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device and procedure for monitoring the state of the concrete tunnel lining. Device for monitoring the lining of concrete tunnels, comprising: a) at least one accelerometer; b) at least one microprocessor integrated in a single-board computer (Single Board Computer, SBC, for its acronym in English); c) at least one digital analog converter; and d) a voltage translator. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2716324A1
    申请号:ES201830238
    申请日:2018-03-09
    公开日:2019-06-11
    发明作者:Herraiz Julia Irene Real；Herraiz Teresa Pilar Real；Llario Francesc Ribes；Giner Beatriz Baydal；Candel Emilio Defez；Arnao Adrian Zorzona；Pinilla Jesus Peinado；Palomo Miriam Labrado
    申请人:Coreal Desarrollos Tecnologicos SpA；Idvia 2020 Horizonte 2020 S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Device and procedure for monitoring the condition of the concrete tunnel lining
    [0003]
    [0004] The present invention relates to the sector of the maintenance of concrete infrastructures, in particular it relates to a device and a method for monitoring the state of the lining in concrete tunnels.
    [0005]
    [0006] At present, the periodic auscultation of infrastructures is a sector of growing interest for both the owners and the operators of these infrastructures. The new philosophies of preventive and predictive maintenance allow an important economic saving and a remarkable improvement in the safety for the users with respect to the traditional methods of conservation.
    [0007]
    [0008] In large road structures, such as tunnels, the total auscultation of the state of the structure is not easy, especially if it is desired not to produce alterations in it, that is, sampling, surveys, probes, among others. In addition, for auscultation campaigns of certain relevance, in many cases the normal tunnel service must be interrupted or affected in some way. Detecting, identifying, locating and quantifying the structural lining of a tunnel can therefore be a difficult task as necessary to guarantee the safety of its users. The appearance and evolution of structural defects such as cracks, cavities, pickling, among others, without a guarantee of timely detection is a potential source of serious material damage and, in the worst cases, human damage.
    [0009]
    [0010] When a structural defect of this nature occurs, the rigidity of the coating varies in at least one direction. This variation is translated into an alteration in the way of transmitting the vibrations by the structure, that is, in the dynamic response of the same. Any structure, given its geometry and the materials that comprise it, tends to respond to a random incident vibration with determined deformation patterns, called vibration modes, in the environment of respective frequency values (own frequencies).
    [0011]
    [0012] On the other hand, in a tunnel there are multiple sources that induce vibrations without a dominant frequency, for example microtemblores of the land, passage of vehicles, heavy machinery operating in the vicinity, conduits, among others. The superposition of all these sources converges into a single excitation, of low intensity and random character that excites the structure's own response in terms of modes and frequencies. This random excitement is known mathematically as white noise.
    [0013]
    [0014] Traditionally, visual inspections are the simplest and most economical measure, it is widely used but only allows the detection of superficial defects and is subject to human error. It requires the transit of operators and affects the normal operation of the tunnel.
    [0015]
    [0016] At present, methods of tunneling tunnel lining using non-destructive techniques are based on different technologies, such as the use of lasers, which requires portable devices for operators or mounted on vehicles and often interfere with the normal operation of the tunnel; thermography, which is very similar to laser but with infrared radiation. The latter allows to know discontinuities and irregularities in the coating by temperature difference and, in addition, it allows to know superficial and internal defects as well as humidity and filtrations. As the laser also requires the assembly on a portable device and, therefore, affects the normal operation of the tunnel.
    [0017]
    [0018] In addition, sonar, geodators and ultrasound have been used in a manner very similar to that used in the recognition of sea beds and in the military industry through the analysis of the reflection of a series of waves of known parameters. It also requires a portable device and affects the operation of the infrastructure. On the other hand, optical fiber has also been used, consisting of a series of ducts embedded in the coating concrete that detects deformations due to the variation of the signal reflected inside the fiber. It is a fixed solution, only applicable in tunnels of new construction and not to the tunnels already made, but unlike the previous methods does not affect the use of the tunnel.
    [0019]
    [0020] Therefore, there remains a need for a device and a method using said device for monitoring the condition of the concrete tunnel lining, which overcomes the problems of the prior art.
    [0021]
    [0022] The present inventors have developed a device and a procedure that is based on the use of accelerometers that has data transmission capacity that results in a very economical installation, can be used in works already built as new construction, allows monitoring in real time and uninterrupted state of the coating, has low energy consumption, does not require operators or vehicles inside the tunnel during auscultation, which provides greater safety and economy and does not alter the normal operation of the tunnel.
    [0023]
    [0024] In the present invention the phrases "tunnel key" or "key of the tunnel vault" refer to the upper central part of the tunnel vault; that is, the upper central part that forms the tunnel arch.
    [0025]
    [0026] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for monitoring the coating of concrete tunnels, characterized in that it comprises:
    [0027]
    [0028] a) at least one accelerometer;
    [0029] b) at least one microprocessor integrated in a single-board computer (Single Board Computer, SBC, for its acronym in English);
    [0030] c) at least one digital analog converter; Y
    [0031] d) a voltage translator.
    [0032]
    [0033] Optionally, the device of the present invention may comprise at least one communication subsystem with Internet connectivity.
    [0034]
    [0035] Preferably, said accelerometer is an analog triaxial accelerometer. More preferably, said accelerometer has the following characteristics:
    [0036]
    [0037]
    [0038]
    [0039]
    [0040] An example of an accelerometer suitable for use in the present invention is model 4030-120-002 from the manufacturer TE Connectivity Measurement Specialties.
    [0041]
    [0042] On the other hand, preferably said microprocessor of the device of the present invention is the "AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8" (Texas Instruments, USA).
    [0043] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the state of the concrete tunnel lining, using at least two devices described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    [0044]
    [0045] a) dividing said tunnel into cross sections called control sections;
    [0046] b) installing in each control section at least two devices for monitoring the condition of the concrete lining of the tunnel, at least one being installed in the key of the dome and at least one at a distance between 30 ° and 40 ° from said key in cylindrical or almost cylindrical sections;
    [0047] c) send the signal of accelerations detected by said devices to a 3G or 4G wireless router;
    [0048] d) sending the information obtained in step (c) to a server in the network;
    [0049] e) calculate the Normalized Power Density Spectrum Ratio (NRPSD)
    [0050] f) If said NRPSD is equal to 0 or very close to 0, it is indicative that the coating does not vary in its rigidity, while if it is different from 0, it is indicative of which coating is damaged.
    [0051]
    [0052] Once the data is received on the server, it is processed. Accelerations are recorded in plain text files and are displayed in four columns. Each of these columns corresponds to the three axes of the accelerometer and the values in them are the recorded accelerations and the instant in which they have been measured.
    [0053]
    [0054] It is necessary to make a transformation to the frequency domain. This operation can be programmed, for example, in the MATLAB language by means of a function that incorporates the program itself and obtains the Spectral Power Density of the signal from each of the axes. In this way, it is possible to know the intensity with which the coating vibrates for each frequency of the study range. This result allows to estimate the frequencies of the structure.
    [0055]
    [0056] The integration of said spectrum will result in the value of the Power Density Spectrum (PSD), which can be interpreted as the average of the square of the power used to vibrate the coating in the direction corresponding to the axis of the device being analyzed. You will get as many PSD values for each control section as three times the number of installed devices, that is, one for each axis in each device for monitoring the state of the concrete lining of the tunnel.
    [0057]
    [0058] If the PSD of two directions is compared for the same device, that is, the quotient between both values, the PSD Ratio (RPSD) is obtained. This result is an indicator of the intensity of the response of the concrete covering in one direction with respect to the other and, therefore, indirectly of how rigid one direction is with respect to another.
    [0059]
    [0060] When a defect occurs in any direction, the relationship between the rigidities will vary and, therefore, so will the RPSD. Since the rigidities in different directions, as well as their variation, can present very different values, including variations of several orders of magnitude, the change experienced by the RPSD is obtained by a logarithmic normalization of the quotient between the RPSD obtained for two directions in a node of a damaged section and a healthy reference, using the following expression:
    [0061]
    [0062]
    [0063]
    [0064]
    [0065] in which NRPSDDi / Dj is the logarithmic normalization of the quotient between the Power Density Spectrum Ratio of the damaged coating and the Power Density Spectrum Ratio of the healthy coating and Di and Dj represent the two axes in which the measurement.
    [0066]
    [0067] This value is known as Normalized RPSD (NRPSD). While the section does not experience significant variations in its rigidity in any of the directions, the value of the NRPSD will remain very close to zero, while if it is not, it will charge positive or negative values depending on the direction that has been damaged and the order that we have chosen in the comparison. In addition, the magnitude of the NRPSD, in absolute value, will be indicative of the degree of damage that has occurred, the greater this value is and the less relevant the closer it is to zero. That is, the further away from 0 the value of NRPSD is, the greater the damage that the concrete tunnel lining has.
    [0068]
    [0069] Another fundamental criterion for the adequate interpretation of the result obtained by the method of the present invention is that the intensity of the vibration will increase, with respect to the healthy section, in the direction parallel to the imperfection in the case of cracks. For example, for a longitudinal crack, having chosen the relationship:
    [0070]
    [0071] RPSD = PSD irc / PSD ngo
    [0072]
    [0073] the value of the NRPSD would be negative while for a circumferential crack it would be expected just the opposite.
    [0074]
    [0075] If a second accelerometer is also incorporated and the NRPSD values obtained in both are compared, it is possible to obtain an approximate location of the defect since the effects of the imperfection will be amplified in the nearest environment. In addition, a second accelerometer facilitates the interpretation of the cavities.
    [0076]
    [0077] In this way, it has to be, in a general way:
    [0078]
    [0079]
    [0080]
    [0081]
    [0082] The model used in the method of the present invention consists of the reproduction of a cross section of the tunnel adjacent to the adjacent land to which a white noise type vibration is applied. It is, therefore, a two-dimensional model. It reproduces the geometry of the section as well as the materials that compose it. It has been determined that two parameters must be adjusted for its calibration: the rigidity of the terrain and the intensity of the white noise. In order to obtain the rigidity of the terrain, a modal analysis is carried out first. By varying this value and the damping coefficient of the terrain, the dynamic response of the structure has been adjusted.
    [0083]
    [0084] For better understanding, figures of embodiments of the present invention are attached as explanatory but not limiting examples.
    [0085]
    [0086] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a tunnel in which two devices have been installed for monitoring the condition of the concrete lining of the tunnel according to the present invention.
    [0087] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of another tunnel of greater length than that of Figure 1 in which several devices have been installed for monitoring the condition of the concrete lining of the tunnel according to the present invention.
    [0088]
    [0089] As seen in figure 1, two devices -2-, -2'-have been installed in the tunnel -1- for monitoring the state of the tunnel concrete lining according to the present invention. The device -2- is installed in the key of the vault of the tunnel, while the device -2'- is installed at 35 ° from said vault.
    [0090]
    [0091] In figure 2, the tunnel -1- has a greater length than the tunnel of figure 1 and, therefore, has been divided into 5 control sections (sections A to E) in which two devices have been installed according to the present invention in each of them. As it is observed, at least one of the devices -2A-, -2B-, -2C-, -2D- (not observed) and -2E- (not observed) in each control section are installed in the key of the vault of the tunnel, while the other device -2A'-, -2B'-, -2C'-, -2D'- and -2E'- of the same control section is installed approximately between 20 ° and 50 ° of said key of the vault. These devices send the acceleration measurements to a 4G -3- router, which in turn sends said information to a server in the network or in the cloud (not shown).
    [0092]
    [0093] Although the invention has been presented and described with reference to an embodiment thereof, it will be understood that this is not limiting the invention, so that multiple variables, constructive details or others may be apparent that may be evident to the technicians of the sector after interpreting the matter disclosed in the present description, claims and drawings. Thus, all variants and equivalents will be included within the scope of the present invention if they can be considered to fall within the broader scope of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Device for monitoring the lining of concrete tunnels, characterized in that it comprises:
    a) at least one accelerometer;
    b) at least one microprocessor integrated in a single-board computer (Single Board Computer, SBC, for its acronym in English);
    c) at least one digital analog converter; Y
    d) a voltage translator.
    [2]
    Device, according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises at least one communication subsystem with Internet connectivity.
    [3]
    Device, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said accelerometer is an analog triaxial accelerometer.

    [4]
    Device, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said microprocessor is the "AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8".
    [5]
    5. Procedure for monitoring the state of the concrete tunnel lining, using at least two devices, according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    a) dividing said tunnel into cross sections called control sections; b) installing in each control section at least two devices for monitoring the condition of the concrete lining of the tunnel, at least one being installed in the key of the dome and at least one at a distance between 30 ° and 40 ° from said key in cylindrical or almost cylindrical sections;
    c) send the signal of accelerations detected by said devices to a 3G or 4G wireless router;
    d) sending the information obtained in step (c) to a server in the network;
    e) calculate the Normalized Power Density Spectrum Ratio (NRPSD) f) If said NRPSD is equal to 0 or very close to 0, it is indicative that the coating has no variation in its stiffness, while if it is different from 0 , is indicative of which coating is damaged.
    [6]
    6. Procedure for monitoring the condition of the concrete tunnel lining, according to claim 5, characterized in that the farther away from the NRPSD value the greater the damage that the concrete tunnel lining has.
    [7]
    7. Procedure for monitoring the condition of the concrete tunnel lining, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that an approximate location of the defect in the concrete tunnel is obtained.
    [8]
    8. Procedure for monitoring the condition of the concrete tunnel lining, according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the damage can be a cavity or a crack parallel to the measurement axes of the device (longitudinal or circumferential).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CL2017003166A1|2018-04-06|
    引用文献:
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    CN103899327A|2013-12-25|2014-07-02|中国神华能源股份有限公司|Shield construction system of deep coal mine inclined shaft and data acquisition method thereof|
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    CN104533523A|2014-11-19|2015-04-22|那峙雄|Early-warning device for roadway deformation and early-warning method based on same|
    CN205013048U|2015-10-10|2016-02-03|中铁建大桥工程局集团第一工程有限公司|Tunnel many metamessages monitoring devices|
    CN106703832A|2017-01-23|2017-05-24|上海市地下空间设计研究总院有限公司|Intelligent shield tunnel segment|
    法律状态:
    2019-06-11| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2716324 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20190611 |
    2019-10-18| FA2A| Application withdrawn|Effective date: 20191014 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CL2017003166A|CL2017003166A1|2017-12-11|2017-12-11|Device and procedure for monitoring the condition of the coating of concrete tunnels|
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